Moving toward the ideal human-physiologic bionic hand is hence complicated due to the highly interdisciplinary nature of the problem, spanning a wide range of medical and engineering domains. Such development also requires rigorous clinical testing that investigates the outcomes in the biological human body environment.
Clearly, the ideal bionic hand requires significant progress on multiple fronts, including its material, kinematic design, motion generation, energy consumption, sensing technology, and intelligent processing of the sensed information to discover human intention. Many upper-limb prosthesis users (35%–45%) continue to object to the technical malfunctioning of their prosthesis systems 3 in terms of rivaling a human hand and its voluntary and intuitive performance. Yet, the current developments in prosthesis design for such cases of amputations come with considerable technological shortcomings. Major upper limb loss refers to the limb amputation proximal to the wrist joint, which commonly occurs in healthy young adult males and frequently involves the dominant extremity 1, particularly at the distal forearm level, where nearly 57% of amputations occur 1, 2. The statistical results confirm the possible utility of surgically implanted magnetic tags as an accurate sensing interface for recognizing the intended gesture and degree of movement between an amputee and his bionic hand. The bionic hand's ability is then tested following the patient's intended gesture type and grade. Specifically, the proposed approach introduces a flexor–extensor tendon transfer surgical procedure to implant the tags, artificial neural networks to extract human intention directly from the implanted magnet's magnetic fields -in short KineticoMyoGraphy (KMG) signals- rather than localizing them, and a game strategy to examine the proposed algorithms and rehabilitate the patient with his new prosthetic hand. Here, for the first time, we report on the clinical implementation of implanted magnetic tags for an amputee's prosthetic hand from both the medical and engineering perspectives. Such sensing technology, however, is inherently invasive and hence only in simulation stages of magnet localization to date.
Towards this end, magnetics tags have been recently suggested as an alternative sensing mechanism to the more common EMG signals. Sensing the proper signal could be a vital piece of the solution to the much evading attributes of prosthetic hands, such as robustness to noise, ease of connectivity, and intuitive movement.
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